pp. Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). [7][8] He reached the rank of sergeant in August 1785 and was nicknamed Sergeant Belle-Jambe, for his smart appearance. [32], In the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805) he was posted with his corps in the center between Soult and Lannes, and contributed to defeating the attempt of the right wing of the allies to outflank the French army. [17], Though Bernadotte declined to help Napoleon Bonaparte stage his coup d'état of November 1799, Napoleon was resolved to win over the "Obstacle Man" and showered him with honors. Charles II died after promising the throne to Louis’ 16 year old grandson, Philip of Anjou. [26] On the morning of 13 September he found his resignation announced in the Moniteur before he was aware that he had tendered it. [9] In early 1790 he was promoted to Adjudant-Major, the highest rank for non-commissioned officers in the Ancien Régime. [96] The Army of the North committed the coup de grâce on the already depleted French and Bernadotte was the first of the Allied sovereigns to enter Leipzig. In January 1803 Bonaparte appointed Bernadotte minister to the United States, but Bernadotte delayed his departure because of rumours of approaching war between France and England and remained inactive in Paris for a year. [81][98] The military operations in 1814 were to be Sweden's last war to this day. Chandler, David G. (1987) Napoleon's Marshals. pp. [33], Charles John, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army, successfully defended the approaches to Berlin and was victorious in battle against Oudinot in August and against Ney in September at the Battles of Großbeeren and Dennewitz. Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters, Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars, Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star, Grand Masters of the Order of Charles XIII, Recipients of the House Order of Fidelity, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree, Grand Crosses of the Military Order of St. Henry, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword, https://www.thelocal.se/20140815/sweden-celebrates-200-years-of-peace, "Bernadotte, Bonaparte, and Louisiana: the last dream of a French Empire in North America", https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00974220/document, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/107273/Charles-XIII, https://books.google.com/books?id=JSZ8CwAAQBAJ&q=napoleon+prince+charles+john&pg=PA221, https://books.google.com/books?id=4sN1NQEACAAJ, "Napoleonic Marshals : Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : Napoleonic Wars : France", http://www.napoleonguide.com/marshal_bernadotte.htm, https://books.google.com/books?id=BPoLAQAAIAAJ&q=france+captures+swedish+pomerania+1810&pg=PA473, "Charles XIV John – king of Sweden and Norway", http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/107277/Charles-XIV-John, "Norway – Facts, Points of Interest, Geography, & History", http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/420178/Norway, http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=33470&sek=33469, http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28686, https://books.google.com/books?id=-BAZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA126, "The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette", https://books.google.com/books?id=qrYRAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Camarade+de+lit%22+tattoo&pg=PA354, https://books.google.com/books?id=vyGNDAAAQBAJ&q=%22death+to+kings%22+tattoo&pg=PA333, https://books.google.com/books?id=WftvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22death+to+kings%22+tattoo, https://books.google.com/books?id=GzvcTC3ck8YC&q=%22death+to+kings%22+tattoo&pg=PA556, https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/13390/Desiree/details, https://archive.org/details/bernadottenapole00bartuoft, https://archive.org/details/cu31924071200822, http://www.ambafrance-se.org/IMG/pdf/Olof_Sjostrom-_Karl_XIV_Johan_laid_the_foundations_for_modern_Sweden.pdf?3087/3254855707f4a3e86da124e202b60fc92f7fe1db, http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/marshals/c_bernadotte.html, England expects that every man will do his duty, Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Charles_XIV_John?oldid=5299568, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Articles incorporating text from The American Cyclopaedia. He married Désirée Clary in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and Joseph Bonaparte's sister-in-law. Barton, D. Plunkett (1921). Bernadotte first met Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 in Italy. [33] The problem of Charles's successor had been acute almost from the time he had ascended the throne a year earlier. Bernadotte was, through marriage to Désirée Clary, brother-in-law to Joseph Bonaparte, and thus a member of the extended Imperial Family. [81], However, the Norwegians were unwilling to accept Swedish control. Resting on the French Left, Bernadotte's corps was battered during the night but resisted the full fury of the Austrian attack facing superior numbers. Histoire de Charles XIV (Jean Bernadotte), Roi de Suede Et de Norvege (Ed.1838) (Litterature) (French Edition) ... in the framework of a partnership with the National Library of France, providing the opportunity to access old and often rare books from the BnF's heritage funds. >> << Suède -- 1818-1844 (Charles XIV Jean) Source(s) : Politisches Vermächtniss Seiner Majestät des verstorbenen Königs von Schweden Carl Johann, enthaltend bisher unbekannte Originaldocumente in eigenen Briefen, Noten, Reden, 1844-1845 . Recueil de lettres originales, de minutes et de pièces réunies par Gaignières, pour servir à l'histoire de France depuis le règne de Charles VII, jusqu'à celui de Louis XIV. Naissance Charles IX, mort roi Charles IX, couronnement Charles IX, vie et règne Charles IX 1560-1574. However, the death of his father when Bernadotte was just 17 stopped the youth from following his father's career. The Danish prince Christian August had been elected crown prince but died suddenly in 1810, and the Swedes turned to Napoleon for advice. Soigneusement préparée depuis deux ans, la campagne terrestre rencontre peu de résistance. His posting was cancelled, however, after the Sale of Louisiana. [70] Despite the fact that Napoleon favored his ally Danish King Frederick VI, Danish Prince Frederick Christian initially had the most support to become Swedish Crown Prince as well. [75][76] Bernadotte was elected partly because a large part of the Swedish Army, in view of future complications with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier, and partly because he was also personally popular, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners in Lübeck. Le 5 février 1818, il succède à Charles XIII sous le nom de Charles XIV Jean … [4] After Jourdan's victory at Fleurus (26 June 1794), where he distinguished himself with a decisive attack and seizure of key terrain that led to the Austrian retreat, he then became a divisional general. [37][38] In fact, he did what he had been ordered to do, and more fundamental responsibility for his absence rests upon the ambiguous and indirect orders issued by Berthier and Napoleon's unawareness of the Prussian position. By 1790 he had become an ardent supporter of the Revolution and rose rapidly from sublieutenant in 1792 to brigadier general in 1794. Charles John, however,…, …1810, when Napoleon’s former marshal, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected heir to the Swedish throne, he showed no hostility toward Russia. Bernadotte achieved…. The events that shook Europe and that gave her back her freedom are known. The routed Saxons retreated in disorder toward Raasdorf as Bernadotte attempted to rally his men, where he encountered Napoleon. Charles John now had dreams of becoming king or “protector” of France, but he had become alienated from the French people, and the victorious allies would not tolerate another soldier in charge of French affairs. When Bernadotte returned to Paris, political suspicions still surrounded him, and his position remained uncertain. Someday the Gascon will get caught. Charles John forced the Danish king to cede Norway to Sweden after the War of the Sixth Coalition, leading to the Swedish-Norwegian war of 1814 where Norway was defeated after a single summer’s conflict. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly Minister of War. In Norway there was opposition to the Swedish predominance within the union and to the royal influence over the legislature. 4-6. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Bernadotte himself added Jules to his first names as a tribute to the French Empire under Napoleon I. (2020) "A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Desiree, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire." [62] After the battle, Bernadotte complained to Napoleon for having, in violation of all military rules, ordered Dupas to act independently of his command, and for having thereby caused great loss of life to the Saxons, and tendered his resignation. Voir les détails. After the defeats at Lützen (2 May 1813) and Bautzen (21 May 1813), it was the Swedish Crown Prince who put fresh fighting spirit into the Allies; and at the conference of Trachenberg he drew up the general plan for the campaign which began after the expiration of the Truce of Pläswitz. In 1810, Bernadotte was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to the childless King Charles XIII of Sweden, thanks to the advocacy of Baron Carl Otto Mörner, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the Riksdag of the Estates. Expand/collapse Charles XIV Papers, 1795-1805. Louis XIV, king of France (1643–1715) who ruled his country during one of its most brilliant periods and who remains the symbol of absolute monarchy of the classical age. In this capacity, as well as during his later command of the army of northern Germany, he created for himself a reputation for independence, incorruptibility, moderation, and administrative ability. Personal details Born Jean Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte(1763-01-26)26 January 1763Pau, France Died 8 March 1844(1844-03-08) (aged81)Stockholm, Sweden Spouse(s) Désirée Clary (m.1796) Religion Lutheranprev. Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Jean Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1930). [41] When visiting Halle after the battle, and commenting on the degree of difficulty of storming a fortified position accessible only by a single bridge, Napoleon enigmatically commented "Bernadotte stops at nothing. [74], Although the Swedish government, amazed at Mörner's effrontery, at once placed him under arrest on his return to Sweden, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favour and on 21 August 1810[33] he was elected by the Riksdag of the Estates in Örebro to be the new crown prince,[33] and was subsequently made Generalissimus of the Swedish Armed Forces by the King. During the campaigns in Germany, the Low Countries, and Italy he restrained his troops from plundering and gained a reputation as a disciplinarian. Bernadotte, struggling desperately to prevent his men from sacking, was given six horses from the Council of Lübeck as their appreciation. Encyclopaedia universalis France. [86] Therefore, he made up his mind to make a united Scandinavian peninsula, which was easier to defend, by taking Norway (intentionally without the ancient and remote provinces of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands) from Denmark and uniting her to Sweden. [48] Napoleon, having received word of the Russian offensive, gave word to Bernadotte to retreat West as to draw the Russians toward him so that Napoleon could then cut-off and surround the Russians. He was the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. Although the Swedish troops contributed to the allied successes, Charles John intended to conserve his forces for the war with Denmark, and the Prussians bore the brunt of the fighting. Mémoires de Louis XIV pour l'instruction du Dauphin (1860) avec Charles Dreyss (1821-1905) comme Éditeur scientifique ... Louis XIV (roi de France, 1638-1715) Voir aussi. 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